Lohn

SICK PAY AND PAID RECREATIONAL LEAVE ARE THE RIGHT OF ALL WORKERS.


WAGE ENTITLEMENTS

  • 1. Am I entitled to the collectively agreed wage?

    Collective wages are negotiated between trade unions and employers or employers' associations. They are laid down in collective agreements and are valid for a certain period of time. Collectively agreed wages are usually higher than wages customary in the industry. 


    Collective wages are often negotiated on a sector-specific basis. When the Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs declares sectoral collective agreements to be generally binding, they apply to the entire sector, for example in the construction industry. For the hospitality industry, the collective wage is not nationwide and generally binding. Collective agreements here are negotiated regionally by the Food, Catering Union NGG. 


    Collectively agreed wages are generally paid to union members whose employer is organised in the employers' association or has negotiated directly with the NGG. In the hospitality industry, however, it is possible as an employer to be a member of the DEHOGA employers' association without being bound by collective agreements (OT). 


    Whether you are entitled to the collectively agreed wage therefore depends on whether your employer is covered by the collective agreement. In addition, only members of the NGG trade union have a legal claim to the benefits from the collective agreement.


    Here you can find the current collectively agreed wages: 

    Collective wages

    Industry minimum wage 


    § 3 Abs. 1-2 Tarifgebundenheit Tarifvertragsgesetz

    (1) Tarifgebunden sind die Mitglieder der Tarifvertragsparteien und der Arbeitgeber, der selbst Partei des Tarifvertrags ist.


    (2) Rechtsnormen des Tarifvertrags über betriebliche und betriebsverfassungsrechtliche Fragen gelten für alle Betriebe, deren Arbeitgeber tarifgebunden ist.

  • 2. Am I entitled to the minimum wage?

    Every worker in Germany is entitled to the minimum wage. Mini-jobbers are also employees. 

    However, within the meaning of the German Minimum Wage Act (MiLoG) the following are not employees: 

    • Trainees who are completing an internship within the meaning of Article 22 para. 1 sentence 2 nos. 1 to 4 MiLoG
    • Young people under 18 who have not completed training
    • Trainees under the German Vocational Training Act
    •  Volunteers
    •  Long-term unemployed in the first six months of employment

    You can view the current minimum wage here: Federal Ministery of Labour and Social Affairs


    § 1 Abs.1 Mindestlohn Mindestlohngesetz 

    Jede Arbeitnehmerin und jeder Arbeitnehmer hat Anspruch auf Zahlung eines Arbeitsentgelts mindestens in Höhe des Mindestlohns durch den Arbeitgeber.


    § 22 Abs. 2-4 Persönlicher Anwendungsbereich Mindestlohngesetz 

    (2) Personen im Sinne von § 2 Absatz 1 und 2 des Jugendarbeitsschutzgesetzes ohne abgeschlossene Berufsausbildung gelten nicht als Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer im Sinne dieses Gesetzes.

    (3) Von diesem Gesetz nicht geregelt wird die Vergütung von zu ihrer Berufsausbildung Beschäftigten sowie ehrenamtlich Tätigen.

    (4) Für Arbeitsverhältnisse von Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmern, die unmittelbar vor Beginn der Beschäftigung langzeitarbeitslos im Sinne des § 18 Absatz 1 des Dritten Buches Sozialgesetzbuch waren, gilt der Mindestlohn in den ersten sechs Monaten der Beschäftigung nicht. […]

  • 3. I am doing an internship. Am I entitled to minimum wage?

    As a trainee, you are entitled to the minimum wage. However, there are three exceptions: 


    If the internship is a compulsory internship as part of your training, studies or for school, you are not entitled to the minimum wage. The same applies if the duration of the internship does not exceed three months and serves your career orientation.


    If you complete an internship as part of a measure by the Job Centre and the Employment Agency, the Minimum Wage Act does not apply to you either. 


    However, you are entitled to labour rights during the internship. 


    § 22 Abs. 1 Persönlicher Anwendungsbereich Mindestlohngesetz

    Dieses Gesetz gilt für Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer. Praktikantinnen und Praktikanten im Sinne des § 26 des Berufsbildungsgesetzes gelten als Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer im Sinne dieses Gesetzes, es sei denn, dass sie 

    1.  ein Praktikum verpflichtend auf Grund einer schulrechtlichen Bestimmung, einer Ausbildungsordnung, einer hochschulrechtlichen Bestimmung oder im Rahmen einer Ausbildung an einer gesetzlich geregelten Berufsakademie leisten,
    2. ein Praktikum von bis zu drei Monaten zur Orientierung für eine Berufsausbildung oder für die Aufnahme eines Studiums leisten,
    3. ein Praktikum von bis zu drei Monaten begleitend zu einer Berufs- oder Hochschulausbildung leisten, wenn nicht zuvor ein solches Praktikumsverhältnis mit demselben Ausbildenden bestanden hat, oder
    4. an einer Einstiegsqualifizierung nach § 54a des Dritten Buches Sozialgesetzbuch oder an einer Berufsausbildungsvorbereitung nach §§ 68 bis 70 des Berufsbildungsgesetzes teilnehmen. […]
  • 4. Why does the minimum wage keep changing?

    There is regular consultation on adjustments to the level of the minimum wage. Among other things, adequate minimum protection for workers as well as fair and functioning competitive conditions are taken into account. The Minimum Wage Commission is responsible for this.

    You can find the current minimum wage here


    § 4 Abs. 1 Aufgabe und Zusammensetzung Mindestlohngesetz

    Die Bundesregierung errichtet eine ständige Mindestlohnkommission, die über die Anpassung der Höhe des Mindestlohns befindet.

  • 5. When must my wages be paid?

    As an employee, you work in advance, i.e. you work first and then receive your salary after a certain period of time. The individual periods are usually divided according to the calendar months. As a rule, your wages should be paid monthly. Thus, your wages should be in your account for the last day of the month in question at the latest. The works council can have a say in determining when wages are paid.


    § 614 Fälligkeit der Vergütung Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch

    Die Vergütung ist nach der Leistung der Dienste zu entrichten. Ist die Vergütung nach Zeitabschnitten bemessen, so ist sie nach dem Ablauf der einzelnen Zeitabschnitte zu entrichten.


    § 87 Abs. 1 Ziff. 4 Betriebsverfassungsgesetz

    Der Betriebsrat hat, soweit eine gesetzliche oder tarifliche Regelung nicht besteht, in folgenden Angelegenheiten mitzubestimmen: Zeit, Ort und Art der Auszahlung der Arbeitsentgelte.

  • 6. Am I entitled to a pay slip?

    Your employer is obliged to send you a written statement of payment of your wages. The pay slip must contain: 

    • Accounting period
    • Working hours and overtime 
    • Composition of your salary
    1. Gross and net salaries
    2. Surcharges and other allowances 
    3. Deductions and payments on account
    • Taxes on wages
    • Contributions to health, pension and unemployment insurance

    A new payslip is due whenever the composition of your wages or the wages themselves change. 

    Always check your payslip carefully and keep it for your records.


    § 108 Abs. 1-2 Abrechnung des Arbeitsentgelts Gewerbeordnung

    (1) Dem Arbeitnehmer ist bei Zahlung des Arbeitsentgelts eine Abrechnung in Textform zu erteilen. Die Abrechnung muss mindestens Angaben über Abrechnungszeitraum und Zusammensetzung des Arbeitsentgelts enthalten. […]


    (2) Die Verpflichtung zur Abrechnung entfällt, wenn sich die Angaben gegenüber der letzten ordnungsgemäßen Abrechnung nicht geändert haben.

  • 7. I receive my salary in cash. Is that allowed?

    It is permitted to pay the salary in cash. However, check that the following conditions are met: you have an employment contract and have been registered for social security by your employer. You will usually receive proof of registration with your first pay slip.


    It may be an indication of undocumented work (moonlighting) if you receive your wages in cash and there is no registration for social security and pension insurance. (sample Meldebescheinigung). If you have not received any proof, ask your employer for the relevant proof. You can find a template here. 


    If you work and do not receive a wage for it, your employer is in breach of the Minimum Wage Act. You can file a complaint with the local Financial Investigation Office for Clandestine Employment. You should also contact a suitable advice centre


    § 107 Abs. 1 Berechnung und Zahlung des Arbeitsentgelts Gewerbeordnung

    Das Arbeitsentgelt ist in Euro zu berechnen und auszuzahlen.


    § 6 Anmeldung Datenerfassungs- und -übermittlungsverordnung 

    Der Beginn einer versicherungspflichtigen Beschäftigung ist mit der ersten folgenden Lohn- und Gehaltsabrechnung, spätestens innerhalb von sechs Wochen nach ihrem Beginn, zu melden.

  • 8. My employer distributes the tips. Is that OK?

    Tipping is none of the employer's business. It is not permitted for the employer to make deductions from the tip, such as meal allowances, breakage allowances or if he only pays a maximum of 10 per cent of the daily turnover in tips. Tips do not have to be handed over to the employer. They belong to the employees who received them.


    However, there are internal regulations to share tips among the employees. This is a voluntary, socially reinforcing measure for the staff. However, the employer has no control over this. 

    Tips do not have to be taxed.


    § 107 Abs. 3 Berechnung und Zahlung des Arbeitsentgelts Gewerbeordnung

    Die Zahlung eines regelmäßigen Arbeitsentgelts kann nicht für die Fälle ausgeschlossen werden, in denen der Arbeitnehmer für seine Tätigkeit von Dritten ein Trinkgeld erhält. Trinkgeld ist ein Geldbetrag, den ein Dritter ohne rechtliche Verpflichtung dem Arbeitnehmer zusätzlich zu einer dem Arbeitgeber geschuldeten Leistung zahlt.

  • 9. Do I get paid for public holidays?

    You are entitled to paid public holidays if you would otherwise have worked regularly on the public holiday in question. For example, if next Thursday is a public holiday and you normally work on Thursdays, you are entitled to be paid on that holiday Thursday. You do not have to make up this working time. 


    In the hospitality industry, however, work is allowed on Sundays and public holidays. (see  Working Hours: 14. Do I have to work on Sundays and holidays?)


    § 2 Abs. 1 Entgeltzahlung an Feiertagen Entgeltfortzahlungsgesetz

    Für Arbeitszeit, die infolge eines gesetzlichen Feiertages ausfällt, hat der Arbeitgeber dem Arbeitnehmer das Arbeitsentgelt zu zahlen, das er ohne den Arbeitsausfall erhalten hätte.

  • 10. I still have outstanding wage claims. Can I claim them?

    You can claim wages for three years, when they become time-barred. However, it is advisable to assert outstanding wage claims immediately. Here you can find a template for a so-called assertion.


    § 195 Regelmäßige Verjährungsfrist Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch 

    Die regelmäßige Verjährungsfrist beträgt drei Jahre.

  • 11. I do not receive any wages. What can I do?

    Ask your employer in writing to pay your wages. State a deadline for payment of your wages in your demand for payment. Also keep the payment request carefully for your records. You can find a template for a payment request here.


    After a longer period without wage payment, you can also ¬exercise your so-called right of retention.¬ This means that you can refuse to work until your wages are paid. This protects you from further unpaid work. ¬However, ¬the right of retention is ¬subject to certain conditions: The outstanding wage must not be relatively insignificant. Two months without wage payment is no longer considered minor. The outstanding wage payment is still not subject to a short-term delay and you do not cause disproportionate damage to your employer by refusing to perform your work. 


    You also cannot simply refuse to work. You must inform your employer in writing beforehand and explain why you are refusing to work. 


    It is advisable to seek professional advice before exercising your right of retention.


    § 273 Abs. 1 Zurückbehaltungsrecht Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch

    Hat der Schuldner aus demselben rechtlichen Verhältnis, auf dem seine Verpflichtung beruht, einen fälligen Anspruch gegen den Gläubiger, so kann er, sofern nicht aus dem Schuldverhältnis sich ein anderes ergibt, die geschuldete Leistung verweigern, bis die ihm gebührende Leistung bewirkt wird (Zurückbehaltungsrecht).

  • 12. Woher weiß ich, wie meine Tätigkeit tariflich eingruppiert ist?

    You can read about the groupings of jobs in the hospitality industry here.


    You can seek advice from the trade union on your classification. 

    In addition, the works council has the right to participate in and control the grouping of employees. You should therefore contact your works council. 


    § 99 Abs. 1 Mitbestimmung bei personellen Einzelmaßnahmen Betriebsverfassungsgesetz

    In Unternehmen mit in der Regel mehr als zwanzig wahlberechtigten Arbeitnehmern hat der Arbeitgeber den Betriebsrat vor jeder Einstellung, Eingruppierung, Umgruppierung und Versetzung zu unterrichten, ihm die erforderlichen Bewerbungsunterlagen vorzulegen und Auskunft über die Person der Beteiligten zu geben. […]

SICKNESS AND LEAVE

  • 13. I am ill. Do I get a wage?

    As an employee, you will continue to receive your full salary for up to six weeks in the event of illness, provided that you have been employed for longer than one month. This also applies to mini-jobbers. (see Mini-Jobs: 5. Am I entitled to sick pay in a mini-job?) After six weeks due to the same illness, you must apply for sickness benefit from your health insurance fund. Sickness benefit is a wage replacement benefit and amounts to approx. 70 per cent of your gross wage and max. 90 per cent of your net wage. (see Wages: 29. What is gross and net wage?)


    You are obliged to report sick to your employer immediately. Who you have to inform about your inability to work is regulated by the company. Ask your contact person how sick leave is organised in your company. Keep your sick notes carefully for your records. 


    If your incapacity for work lasts longer than three calendar days, you must submit a medical certificate of your incapacity for work to your employer. Be aware that you are only obliged to report your incapacity for work, but not the reason for it. This is sensitive data that you do not have to share. 


    § 3 Abs. 1 Anspruch auf Entgeltfortzahlung im Krankheitsfall Entgeltfortzahlungsgesetz

    Wird ein Arbeitnehmer durch Arbeitsunfähigkeit infolge Krankheit an seiner Arbeitsleistung verhindert, ohne dass ihn ein Verschulden trifft, so hat er Anspruch auf Entgeltfortzahlung im Krankheitsfall durch den Arbeitgeber für die Zeit der Arbeitsunfähigkeit bis zur Dauer von sechs Wochen. […]


    § 5 Abs.1 Anzeige- und Nachweispflichten Entgeltfortzahlungsgesetz

    Der Arbeitnehmer ist verpflichtet, dem Arbeitgeber die Arbeitsunfähigkeit und deren voraussichtliche Dauer unverzüglich mitzuteilen. Dauert die Arbeitsunfähigkeit länger als drei Kalendertage, hat der Arbeitnehmer eine ärztliche Bescheinigung über das Bestehen der Arbeitsunfähigkeit sowie deren voraussichtliche Dauer spätestens an dem darauffolgenden Arbeitstag vorzulegen. […]


    § 47 Abs. 1 Höhe und Berechnung des Krankengeldes Sozialgesetzbuch Fünftes Buch - Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung

    Das Krankengeld beträgt 70 vom Hundert des erzielten regelmäßigen Arbeitsentgelts und Arbeitseinkommens, soweit es der Beitragsberechnung unterliegt (Regelentgelt). Das aus dem Arbeitsentgelt berechnete Krankengeld darf 90 vom Hundert des […] berechneten Nettoarbeitsentgelts nicht übersteigen. […]

  • 14. My child is sick and I have to look after him. I cannot go to work. Do I get a wage?

    Your employer does not pay you any wages for this day. However, you are entitled to wage replacement benefits from the health insurance fund. 


    You can receive the so-called children's sickness benefit if you are employed and subject to social insurance contributions. This does not apply to mini-jobbers. (see Mini-Jobs: 6. My child is sick and I have to look after him. I cannot go to work. Do I then receive wages in the mini-job?) In addition, your child must be under 12 years of age or dependent on help due to a disability. You must also ensure that no other person living in your household can look after your child. 


    To receive children's sickness benefit, you must submit your child's sickness notification to both your employer and your child's health insurance fund to prove that you need to care for your child. You then apply for children's sickness benefit from your health insurance fund and receive approximately 90 per cent of your net salary for the relevant working day. Find out about the respective procedure and the amount of children's sickness benefit from your competent health insurance fund. Some health insurance funds have maximum amounts.  


    They are entitled to ten sick days per year per parent. For single parents, this means 20 days accordingly. During the Covid 19 pandemic, the number of children's sick days was increased. 


    § 45 Abs. 1-2 Krankengeld bei Erkrankung des Kindes Sozialgesetzbuch Fünftes Buch

    (1) Versicherte haben Anspruch auf Krankengeld, wenn es nach ärztlichem Zeugnis erforderlich ist, dass sie zur Beaufsichtigung, Betreuung oder Pflege ihres erkrankten und versicherten Kindes der Arbeit fernbleiben, eine andere in ihrem Haushalt lebende Person das Kind nicht beaufsichtigen, betreuen oder pflegen kann und das Kind das zwölfte Lebensjahr noch nicht vollendet hat oder behindert und auf Hilfe angewiesen ist. […]


    (2) Anspruch auf Krankengeld nach Absatz 1 besteht in jedem Kalenderjahr für jedes Kind längstens für 10 Arbeitstage, für alleinerziehende Versicherte längstens für 20 Arbeitstage. […]

  • 15. How much salary am I entitled to during my leave?

    You are entitled to continued payment of wages during your leave. If you do not have a regular salary, your holiday pay is calculated based on your salary for the last thirteen weeks before the start of your holiday. 


    If you had higher earnings than usual within the last thirteen weeks before your leave, this increased earnings shall be taken as the basis for calculation. However, paid overtime does not count towards this. If, on the other hand, your earnings were lower than usual, e.g. due to short-time work, absences from work or other omissions through no fault of your own, these will not be taken into account for the calculation of your holiday pay. 


    § 11 Abs. 1 Urlaubsentgelt Bundesurlaubsgesetz 

    Das Urlaubsentgelt bemisst sich nach dem durchschnittlichen Arbeitsverdienst, das der Arbeitnehmer in den letzten dreizehn Wochen vor dem Beginn des Urlaubs erhalten hat, mit Ausnahme des zusätzlich für Überstunden gezahlten Arbeitsverdienstes. […]

  • 16. When do I get my holiday pay?

    Your wages during your leave must be paid before the start of your leave. 


    § 11 Abs. 2 Urlaubsentgelt Bundesurlaubsgesetz 

    Das Urlaubsentgelt ist vor Antritt des Urlaubs auszuzahlen.

  • 17. I receive benefits in kind. Do I also receive them on holiday?

    If your employer pays you benefits in kind, such as food, through your salary and you do not use these benefits in kind during your leave, your employer must pay you cash for these benefits in kind. 


    § 11 Abs. 1 Urlaubsentgelt Bundesurlaubsgesetz 

    […] Zum Arbeitsentgelt gehörende Sachbezüge, die während des Urlaubs nicht weitergewährt werden, sind für die Dauer des Urlaubs angemessen in bar abzugelten.

WAGE DEDUCTIONS

  • 18. I'm on the rota, but there's nothing going on. My employer sends me home. Do I get paid?

    The working hours entered in the duty roster are binding for both you and the employer. This working time must therefore be remunerated. This also applies if there is little activity in your company and you are released from your duties early by your employer (!). This also applies to mini-jobbers. You do not have to make up the working time. 


    § 615 Vergütung bei Annahmeverzug und bei Betriebsrisiko Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch

    Kommt der Dienstberechtigte mit der Annahme der Dienste in Verzug, so kann der Verpflichtete für die infolge des Verzugs nicht geleisteten Dienste die vereinbarte Vergütung verlangen, ohne zur Nachleistung verpflichtet zu sein. […] Die Sätze […] gelten entsprechend in den Fällen, in denen der Arbeitgeber das Risiko des Arbeitsausfalls trägt.

  • 19. I get fewer shifts than my employment contract says. Do I still get my full salary?

    If there are fewer working hours in the duty roster than contractually agreed, this is called minus hours. Minus hours are only permitted if they are contractually agreed or if there are working time accounts that allow for the compensation of minus hours and overtime. 


    This means that you must work the contractually agreed working hours each week and your employer must give you the opportunity to do so. If your employer is responsible for you working minus hours, the employer is obliged to pay you your agreed wage according to the agreed working hours. Document the minus hours and the reasons for them in order to be able to prove, if necessary, how the minus hours came about. 


    As an employee, you are in turn obliged not to cause any negative hours for which you are responsible. Absence due to illness does not constitute minus hours. This also applies to marginally employed persons (mini-jobbers).

  • 20. My employer has offered to pay me part of my wages undocumented ("off the books“). Should I do this?

    Tax and social security contributions must be paid on the entire wage. If your employer wants to pay you part of your wage undocumented, this is undocumented work („moonlighting“) and therefore illegal. You may also be liable to prosecution for tax evasion. 


    In addition, undocumented work is disadvantageous for you in terms of wage replacement benefits. If you should depend on (child) sickness benefit, parental benefit, short-time work or unemployment benefit, the basis is calculated on your gross net pay. The undocumented wage payments are then not taken into account and you receive lower replacement benefits. 

  • 21. My employer makes deductions from my wages. Is that OK?

    So-called benefits in kind can be, for example, "lunch money". However, you must agree to these deductions. You cannot be forced to accept benefits in kind. If your employer makes deductions from your wages, this requires a basis, for example, your employment contract may also contain paragraphs to this effect. 


    If you take advantage of certain benefits in kind, such as board and lodging (food and accommodation), your employer may not deduct more from your salary than the so-called benefits in kind values of the social insurance allow. These values are redefined annually.


    If you do not take advantage of benefits in kind, for example due to holiday or illness, these deductions may also not be made.  

     

    § 107 Abs. 2 Berechnung und Zahlung des Arbeitsentgelts Gewerbeordnung

    Arbeitgeber und Arbeitnehmer können Sachbezüge als Teil des Arbeitsentgelts vereinbaren, wenn dies dem Interesse des Arbeitnehmers oder der Eigenart des Arbeitsverhältnisses entspricht. […]

  • 22. I am supposed to pay a breakage fee. Is that OK?

    Your wages belong to you. If deductions are to be made from them, you must agree to them. So your employer cannot deduct your wages if you break something or make mistakes or even for no reason. 


    § 107 Abs. 2 Berechnung und Zahlung des Arbeitsentgelts Gewerbeordnung

    Arbeitgeber und Arbeitnehmer können Sachbezüge als Teil des Arbeitsentgelts vereinbaren, wenn dies dem Interesse des Arbeitnehmers oder der Eigenart des Arbeitsverhältnisses entspricht. […]

  • 23. The cash register is not correct after the shift accounting. I am supposed to make up the shortfall with my wages. Is that OK?

    Your wages belong to you. If deductions are to be made from them, you must agree to them. There may be several reasons for money being missing from the cash register during accounting, especially if several employees have access to the cash register. Employees are generally only liable if they are at fault, which requires medium to gross negligence or intent. However, the employer must first prove this, i.e. file a claim, before he/she deducts anything from your wages.  


    If, for example, as a waiter you are not expressly requested to collect payment immediately, you cannot be held responsible for non-payers. How to deal with non-payers and shortfalls is often regulated in collective agreements.


    Bundesarbeitsgericht: Urteil vom 17. September 1998, Az.: 8 AZR 175/97 

    (2) Die Grundsätze über die Beschränkung der Arbeitnehmerhaftung gelten […] Dabei kann sich die Pflichtverletzung des Arbeitnehmers bereits daraus ergeben, dass durch das Verhalten des Arbeitnehmers dem Arbeitgeber ein Schaden entstanden ist. Für den Grad des Verschuldens ist entscheidend, ob der Arbeitnehmer bezogen auf den Schadenserfolg vorsätzlich oder fahrlässig gehandelt hat.

    (3) Das Verschulden des Arbeitnehmers und insbesondere die den Grad des Verschuldens ausmachenden Tatsachen sind vom Arbeitgeber darzulegen und gegebenenfalls zu beweisen. […]

  • 24. I receive cash indemnity. What is this all about?

    Your employer and you can agree on a cash indemnity agreement. You would then be liable in the event of a shortfall, for example, a missing amount in the cash register. However, the prerequisite for this is that your employer pays you a so-called cash indemnity in advance. Up to 16 euros per month are tax-free. So you receive e.g. 16 euros per month from your employer. In the event of a shortfall, you are then liable for these 16 euros. This amount can then also be collected in the case of slight negligence.  


    The deficiency money is intended to create a financial incentive for you to maintain proper cash management. 


    Bundesarbeitsgericht: Urteil vom 17. September 1998, Az.: 8 AZR 175/97 

    (4) Eine vertragliche Vereinbarung der Arbeitsvertragsparteien über die Haftung des Arbeitnehmers für einen eingetretenen Waren- oder Kassenfehlbestand (Mankohaftung) ist wegen Verstoßes gegen die einseitig zwingenden Grundsätze der beschränkten Arbeitnehmerhaftung unwirksam, wenn und soweit dem Arbeitnehmer kein gleichwertiger Ausgleich geleistet wird.

SOCIAL SECURITY AND REPLACEMENT BENEFITS

  • 25. Is my job subject to social security contributions?

    As a rule, salaried employment is subject to social security contributions. A major exception, however, are those in marginal employment, so-called mini-jobbers. (see Mini-Jobs: 16.  Am I covered by social insurance in a mini-job?) Civil servants and the self-employed are also not subject to social insurance. 

    Employment subject to social insurance means that employees and employers pay contributions into the following funds and that employees are thus protected:

    • Health insurance
    • Pension insurance
    • Long-term care insurance
    • Unemployment insurance
    • Accident insurance

    If you are employed subject to social insurance, i.e. part-time or full-time, you accrue corresponding benefit entitlements from pension, long-term care and unemployment insurance. You can see the relevant contribution payments on your payslip. Therefore, always check your payslip carefully. 

  • 26. How do I know that my employer has registered me for social security?

    You will usually receive proof of social security registration with your first pay slip. (Sample Meldebescheinigung) If you have not received proof, ask your employer for it. You can find a template here


    It may be a sign of undocumented work (moonlighting) if there is no registration with social security and pension insurance. Contact an appropriate advice centre


    § 6 Anmeldung Datenerfassungs- und -übermittlungsverordnung 

    Der Beginn einer versicherungspflichtigen Beschäftigung ist mit der ersten folgenden Lohn- und Gehaltsabrechnung, spätestens innerhalb von sechs Wochen nach ihrem Beginn, zu melden.

  • 27. I have to work short time. What does that mean?

    There may be times in companies when dismissals are imminent due to a lack of work. Short-time work serves to avoid these dismissals. 


    If you are to be put on short-time work, this means that you are to work less due to the difficult order situation. However, the Federal Employment Agency must agree to this. The loss of wages can be compensated by wage replacement benefits, the so-called short-time allowance. As soon as the business situation improves again, you can increase your working hours again. 


    You must agree to short-time work. Written agreements are usually drawn up for this purpose. Make sure that the beginning and end of short-time work are specified. Only sign the agreement if you understand everything! You always have the right to take the agreement home and examine it at your leisure. You can also seek advice before signing the agreement.


    You can find more information on short-time allowance here


    § 19 Abs. 1 Zulässigkeit von Kurzarbeit Kündigungsschutzgesetz

    Ist der Arbeitgeber nicht in der Lage, die Arbeitnehmer bis zu dem in § 18 Abs. 1 und 2 bezeichneten Zeitpunkt voll zu beschäftigen, so kann die Bundesagentur für Arbeit zulassen, dass der Arbeitgeber für die Zwischenzeit Kurzarbeit einführt.

  • 28. I don't get enough money to live on. What can I do?

    There are various ways to get additional support if you earn too little in wages to cover your daily living expenses. 


    If your wage is at a certain minimum level, you are entitled to supplementary social assistance. The options are, for example, to supplement your income with unemployment benefit II or to apply for basic income support, housing benefit or child supplement. The measures depend on your income and certain characteristics, such as age and parenthood.


  • 29. What is gross and net wage?

    A distinction is made between gross and net wages. Gross means the total wage you receive. However, deductions are made from this gross wage: You have to pay social security contributions and pay income tax. Other taxes, such as church tax or the solidarity surcharge, may be added. Your net wage is then the wage that is paid to you after all deductions have been made. 


    Gross - social security - tax = net

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