Minijobs


RIGHTS IN A MINI-JOB

  • 1. What rights do I have in a mini-job?

    As a mini-jobber you are entitled to 

    • Written proof of your main contractual conditions (see Employment contract)
    • Minimum wage (see Wages)
    • Continued payment of wages in the event of illness (see Wages)
    • Continued payment of wages on public holidays (see Wages)
    • Recreational leave (see Holiday)
    • Continued payment of wages during maternity leave (see Special Rights)
    • Employment reference (see Notice)
    • Protection against dismissal (see Notice)
    • Special protection if you are under 18, pregnant or have a disability. (see Special Rights)

    In a mini-job, you

    • are covered by accident insurance
    • are covered by pension insurance
    • are not covered by social insurance, i.e. you are not insured for health, unemployment or long-term care through your employment relationship.
  • 2. Do I have the right to an employment contract in a mini-job?

    The same entitlement applies as for all employees. 


    Employment contracts can be agreed orally and in writing. You are therefore not entitled to a written employment contract. However, you do have the right to written evidence of the terms of your contract. This is called the employer's duty of proof.


    This means that no later than one month after the start of your employment, your employer must give you written proof of when and where you work, what your work entails and for how much you are paid. The proof must be presented to you in writing, printed out and signed, and you may take it home for your records. 


    In general, only sign an employment contract if you understand everything! You always have the right to take the contract home and check it at your leisure. You are also allowed to seek advice before signing the contract/proof.


    Keep your certificate or employment contract carefully for your records.


    § 2 Abs. 1 Nachweispflicht Nachweisgesetz 

    Der Arbeitgeber hat spätestens einen Monat nach dem vereinbarten Beginn des Arbeitsverhältnisses die wesentlichen Vertragsbedingungen schriftlich niederzulegen, die Niederschrift zu unterzeichnen und dem Arbeitnehmer auszuhändigen. […]

  • 3. Am I entitled to paid leave in a mini-job?

    As an employee, you are entitled to leave. This means that every employed person, whether full-time, part-time or in a mini-job, has the same holiday entitlement and may not be disadvantaged without an objective reason.


    § 1 Urlaubsanspruch Bundesurlaubsgesetz

    Jeder Arbeitnehmer hat in jedem Kalenderjahr Anspruch auf bezahlten Erholungsurlaub.

  • 4. How do I calculate my holiday entitlement in a mini-job?

    If you work in a mini-job, your holiday is calculated on the basis of the agreed working days. This means that your holiday entitlement is not based on the agreed working hours, but on the days you work in the company or in your home office. 


    For example, if you have 30 days of holiday a year and work three days a week, your holiday entitlement is calculated on the basis of the three working days. So you cannot take ten weeks' leave (three days per week). Your holiday entitlement is converted according to your working days: 


    General formula:

    Personal holiday entitlement = (X holiday days/Y working days in the company) * Z working days/week


    Calculation example:

    (30 days of holiday/5 working days in the company) * 3 working days per week = 18 days of holiday entitlement. 


    Here you can find a holiday calculator for mini-jobs.


  • 5. Am I entitled to sick pay in a mini-job?

    As a dependent employee, you will continue to receive your full salary for up to six weeks in the event of illness, provided you have been employed for more than one month. This also applies to mini-jobbers. 


    You are obliged to report sick to your employer immediately. Who you have to inform about your inability to work is regulated by the company. Ask your contact person how sick leave is organised in your company. Keep your sick notes carefully for your records. 


    If your incapacity for work lasts longer than three calendar days, you must submit a medical certificate of your incapacity for work to your employer. Be aware that you are only obliged to report your incapacity for work, but not the reason for it. This is sensitive data that you do not have to share. 


    You do not have to work your sick days in lieu, even in a mini-job. 


    § 3 Abs. 1 Anspruch auf Entgeltfortzahlung im Krankheitsfall Entgeltfortzahlungsgesetz

    Wird ein Arbeitnehmer durch Arbeitsunfähigkeit infolge Krankheit an seiner Arbeitsleistung verhindert, ohne dass ihn ein Verschulden trifft, so hat er Anspruch auf Entgeltfortzahlung im Krankheitsfall durch den Arbeitgeber für die Zeit der Arbeitsunfähigkeit bis zur Dauer von sechs Wochen. […]


    § 5 Anzeige- und Nachweispflichten Entgeltfortzahlungsgesetz

    Der Arbeitnehmer ist verpflichtet, dem Arbeitgeber die Arbeitsunfähigkeit und deren voraussichtliche Dauer unverzüglich mitzuteilen. Dauert die Arbeitsunfähigkeit länger als drei Kalendertage, hat der Arbeitnehmer eine ärztliche Bescheinigung über das Bestehen der Arbeitsunfähigkeit sowie deren voraussichtliche Dauer spätestens an dem darauffolgenden Arbeitstag vorzulegen. […]

  • 6. My child is sick and I have to look after him. I cannot go to work. Do I then receive wages in the mini-job?

    Your employer must release you from work for your child's sick days, which means you can look after your child. However, your child must be under 12 years of age or dependent on help due to a disability. You must also ensure that no other person living in your household can look after your child. To have leave granted by your employer, you must submit your child's sick note to your employer. 


    You are entitled to ten child sick days per year per parent. For single parents, this means 20 days accordingly. During the Covid 19 pandemic, the number of children's sick days was increased. 


    As a person with marginal employment (mini-jobber), you are not entitled to a wage replacement benefit from the health insurance fund, the so-called children's sickness benefit, as you are not covered by social insurance. 


    § 45 Abs. 5 Krankengeld bei Erkrankung des Kindes Sozialgesetzbuch Fünftes Buch 

    Anspruch auf unbezahlte Freistellung […] haben auch Arbeitnehmer, die nicht Versicherte mit Anspruch auf Krankengeld nach Absatz 1 sind.


    § 616 Vorübergehende Verhinderung Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch

    Der zur Dienstleistung Verpflichtete wird des Anspruchs auf die Vergütung nicht dadurch verlustig, dass er für eine verhältnismäßig nicht erhebliche Zeit durch einen in seiner Person liegenden Grund ohne sein Verschulden an der Dienstleistung verhindert wird. Er muss sich jedoch den Betrag anrechnen lassen, welcher ihm für die Zeit der Verhinderung aus einer auf Grund gesetzlicher Verpflichtung bestehenden Kranken- oder Unfallversicherung zukommt.

  • 7. What periods of notice apply in a mini-job?

    If you are still in the probationary period, both you and your employer can terminate the employment relationship with two weeks' notice without giving reasons. (see Employment Contract: 8. How long can my probationary period be?)


    Terminations outside the probationary period must observe a notice period of four weeks. This applies to both employer and employee. Notice can be given on the 15th of each calendar month or at the end of the month. This also applies to mini-jobs. 


    However, the longer you have been employed in a company, the longer the notice periods on the part of your employer become. For example, if you have been employed for more than two years, your employer can only give you one month's notice to the end of a calendar month. If you have been employed for more than five years, the notice period is extended to two months to the end of a calendar month; for eight years to three months and for ten years to four months. 


    If you have a collective agreement employment contract, your notice periods may differ.


    In addition, if you have worked in a business not categorised as a small business (a company with at least ten full-time employees) for more than six months, you are protected against dismissal. (

    see Notice: 1. What notice periods apply to my employment relationship?)


    § 622 Abs. 1 und 3 Kündigungsfristen bei Arbeitsverhältnissen Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch

    (1) Das Arbeitsverhältnis eines Arbeiters oder eines Angestellten (Arbeitnehmers) kann mit einer Frist von vier Wochen zum Fünfzehnten oder zum Ende eines Kalendermonats gekündigt werden.

    (3) Während einer vereinbarten Probezeit, längstens für die Dauer von sechs Monaten, kann das Arbeitsverhältnis mit einer Frist von zwei Wochen gekündigt werden.


  • 8. Does occupational health and safety also apply to mini-jobs?

    Occupational health and safety applies to all employees, including mini-jobbers and trainees. Your employer must protect all employees. Special protection applies to people with special needs, such as pregnant women and young people. Your employer may not differentiate between the sexes unless it is absolutely necessary biologically. 


    § 2 Abs. 2 Ziff. 1-2 Begriffsbestimmungen Arbeitsschutzgesetz

    […] Beschäftigte im Sinne dieses Gesetzes sind: 

    1. Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer,
    2. die zu ihrer Berufsbildung Beschäftigten […]

    § 4 Ziff. 6 und 8 Allgemeine Grundsätze Arbeitsschutzgesetz

    Der Arbeitgeber hat bei Maßnahmen des Arbeitsschutzes von folgenden allgemeinen Grundsätzen auszugehen: 

    6. spezielle Gefahren für besonders schutzbedürftige Beschäftigtengruppen sind zu berücksichtigen.

    8. mittelbar oder unmittelbar geschlechtsspezifisch wirkende Regelungen sind nur zulässig, wenn dies aus biologischen Gründen zwingend geboten ist.

  • 9. Does a different maternity protection apply to me in a mini-job?

    The same maternity protection applies to you as to full-time and part-time employees.  (see Special protection: Maternity protection)


    You have special protection against dismissal and receive maternity benefits from the health insurance fund if you are a member of a statutory health insurance fund. Employees who, on the other hand, have private or family insurance (i.e. are not themselves members of a statutory health insurance fund) and are on maternity leave are entitled to maternity benefit from the Federal Social Security Office. This amounts to a maximum of 210 euros. You can find more information on the application and calculation here.


    Your employer must also make your maternity allowance from the statutory health insurance up to your average earnings. Here you can find information on the employer's supplement to maternity pay


    If you are prohibited from working, you will receive maternity protection pay. Both maternity protection pay and maternity allowance will be reimbursed to your employer by the Minijobzentrale. 


    § 17 Abs. 1 Ziff. 1-3 Kündigungsverbot Mutterschutzgesetz

    Die Kündigung gegenüber einer Frau ist unzulässig 

    1. während ihrer Schwangerschaft,

    2. bis zum Ablauf von vier Monaten nach einer Fehlgeburt nach der zwölften Schwangerschaftswoche und

    3. bis zum Ende ihrer Schutzfrist nach der Entbindung, mindestens jedoch bis zum Ablauf von vier Monaten nach der Entbindung […]


    § 3 Abs. 1 Schutzfristen vor und nach der Entbindung Mutterschutzgesetz

    Der Arbeitgeber darf eine schwangere Frau in den letzten sechs Wochen vor der Entbindung nicht beschäftigen (Schutzfrist vor der Entbindung), soweit sie sich nicht zur Arbeitsleistung ausdrücklich bereit erklärt. Sie kann die Erklärung […] jederzeit mit Wirkung für die Zukunft widerrufen. […]


    § 19 Abs. 1-2 Mutterschaftsgeld Mutterschutzgesetz

    (1) Eine Frau, die Mitglied einer gesetzlichen Krankenkasse ist, erhält für die Zeit der Schutzfristen vor und nach der Entbindung sowie für den Entbindungstag Mutterschaftsgeld […].

    (2) Eine Frau, die nicht Mitglied einer gesetzlichen Krankenkasse ist, erhält für die Zeit der Schutzfristen vor und nach der Entbindung sowie für den Entbindungstag Mutterschaftsgeld zu Lasten des Bundes […].

WAGE IN A MINIJOB

  • 10. I have a mini-job. Am I entitled to the minimum wage?

    Every worker in Germany is entitled to the minimum wage. Mini-jobbers are also employees. 

    However, within the meaning of the German Minimum Wage Act (MiLoG) the following are not employees: 


    • Trainees who are completing an internship within the meaning of Article 22 para. 1 sentence 2 nos. 1 to 4 MiLoG
    • Young people under 18 who have not completed training
    • Trainees under the German Vocational Training Act
    • Volunteers
    • Long-term unemployed in the first six months of employment

    You can view the current minimum wage here: Federal Ministery of Lacour and Social Affairs



    § 1 Abs.1 Mindestlohn Mindestlohngesetz 

    Jede Arbeitnehmerin und jeder Arbeitnehmer hat Anspruch auf Zahlung eines Arbeitsentgelts mindestens in Höhe des Mindestlohns durch den Arbeitgeber.


    § 22 Abs. 2-4 Persönlicher Anwendungsbereich Mindestlohngesetz 

    (2) Personen im Sinne von § 2 Absatz 1 und 2 des Jugendarbeitsschutzgesetzes ohne abgeschlossene Berufsausbildung gelten nicht als Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer im Sinne dieses Gesetzes.

    (3) Von diesem Gesetz nicht geregelt wird die Vergütung von zu ihrer Berufsausbildung Beschäftigten sowie ehrenamtlich Tätigen.

    (4) Für Arbeitsverhältnisse von Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmern, die unmittelbar vor Beginn der Beschäftigung langzeitarbeitslos im Sinne des § 18 Absatz 1 des Dritten Buches Sozialgesetzbuch waren, gilt der Mindestlohn in den ersten sechs Monaten der Beschäftigung nicht. […]

  • 11. I have a mini-job. I only receive money if I work. Is that right?

    Mini-jobs are often misused to pay wages only if the mini-jobber actually  works. However, this is not right. Wages for mini-jobbers must continue to be paid even on public holidays, during sickness and recreational leave, when employment is prohibited during pregnancy and during maternity leave. Wages must also be paid without contractually agreed working hours. The basis for calculating the wage is then the average working time.


    You can find more information on this at the Minijobzentrale.


  • 12. I have a mini-job. Do I get paid for public holidays?

    Mini-jobbers, like full-time and part-time employees, are entitled to paid public holidays if they would otherwise have worked regularly on the public holiday in question. For example, if next Thursday is a public holiday and you normally work on Thursdays, you are entitled to wage payment on this public holiday Thursday . You do not have to make up this working time. 


    In the hospitality industry, however, it is permitted to work on Sundays and public holidays. (see Working Hours: 14. Do I have to work on Sundays and public holidays?)


    § 2 Abs. 1 Entgeltzahlung an Feiertagen Entgeltfortzahlungsgesetz

    Für Arbeitszeit, die infolge eines gesetzlichen Feiertages ausfällt, hat der Arbeitgeber dem Arbeitnehmer das Arbeitsentgelt zu zahlen, das er ohne den Arbeitsausfall erhalten hätte.

  • 13. I'm on the rota, but there's nothing going on. My employer sends me home. Do I get paid in a mini-job?

    The working hours entered in the duty roster are binding for both you and the employer. These working hours must therefore be paid, even for mini-jobs. This also applies if there is little going on in your company and you are released from your duties early by your employer (!). You do not have to make up the working time. 


    § 615 Vergütung bei Annahmeverzug und bei Betriebsrisiko

    Kommt der Dienstberechtigte mit der Annahme der Dienste in Verzug, so kann der Verpflichtete für die infolge des Verzugs nicht geleisteten Dienste die vereinbarte Vergütung verlangen, ohne zur Nachleistung verpflichtet zu sein. […] Die Sätze […] gelten entsprechend in den Fällen, in denen der Arbeitgeber das Risiko des Arbeitsausfalls trägt.

  • 14. I have a mini-job and would like to increase my working hours. Is that possible?

    You can submit a written request for an extension of your working hours. Your employer must then inform you about appropriate jobs in the company. This applies to all part-time employees, i.e. also for marginally employed individuals (min-jobbers). 


    In addition, your employer must give you preferential consideration for a job that corresponds to your current job, provided you have the same aptitude as other applicants.  

    If there is a works council, express your wish to extend your working hours to them in writing. The works council can then support you. In addition, in companies with more than 20 employees with voting rights, the works council can refuse to give its consent to planned new hirings if they conflict with the wish of individual employees to increase their working hours.


    Here you can find a template for an application to extend your working time volume: Ausweitung Ihres Arbeitszeitvolumens.


    § 7 Abs. 3 Ausschreibung; Erörterung; Information über freie Arbeitsplätze Teilzeit- und Befristungsgesetz

    Der Arbeitgeber hat einen Arbeitnehmer, der ihm den Wunsch nach einer Veränderung […] von Dauer und Lage seiner vertraglich vereinbarten Arbeitszeit angezeigt hat, über entsprechende Arbeitsplätze zu informieren, die im Betrieb oder Unternehmen besetzt werden sollen.


    § 9 Verlängerung der Arbeitszeit Teilzeit- und Befristungsgesetz

    Der Arbeitgeber hat einen teilzeitbeschäftigten Arbeitnehmer, der ihm in Textform den Wunsch nach einer Verlängerung seiner vertraglich vereinbarten Arbeitszeit angezeigt hat, bei der Besetzung eines Arbeitsplatzes bevorzugt zu berücksichtigen. […]


    § 99 Abs. 2 Ziff. 3  Mitbestimmung bei personellen Einzelmaßnahmen Betriebsverfassungsgesetz

    Der Betriebsrat kann die Zustimmung verweigern, wenn […] die durch Tatsachen begründete Besorgnis besteht, dass infolge der personellen Maßnahme im Betrieb beschäftigte Arbeitnehmer gekündigt werden oder sonstige Nachteile erleiden, ohne dass dies aus betrieblichen oder persönlichen Gründen gerechtfertigt ist; als Nachteil gilt bei unbefristeter Einstellung auch die Nichtberücksichtigung eines gleich geeigneten befristet Beschäftigten […].

  • 15. I have a mini-job. Do I have to document my working hours?

    With the Minimum Wage Act (MiLoG), marginally employed individuals (mini-jobbers) are also subject to the minimum wage regulation. Since the introduction of the minimum wage, all marginally employed individuals are obliged to record their working hours. The beginning, end and duration of working time must be documented within seven days and kept for at least two years.


    § 17 Abs. 1 Erstellen und Bereithalten von Dokumenten Mindestlohngesetz

    Ein Arbeitgeber, der Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer [, die geringfügig beschäftigt sind] beschäftigt, ist verpflichtet, Beginn, Ende und Dauer der täglichen Arbeitszeit dieser Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer spätestens bis zum Ablauf des siebten auf den Tag der Arbeitsleistung folgenden Kalendertages aufzuzeichnen und diese Aufzeichnungen mindestens zwei Jahre beginnend ab dem für die Aufzeichnung maßgeblichen Zeitpunkt aufzubewahren. […]

SOCIAL SECURITY

  • 16. Am I covered by social insurance in a mini-job?

    You are not covered by social insurance in a mini-job. This means that you are not covered by health, long-term care or unemployment insurance. (see Wages: 25. Is my job subject to social security contributions?)


    For reasons of solidarity, your employer pays a lump sum of 13 per cent to the health insurance for you as a mini-jobber if you are not privately insured. This amount may not be deducted from your salary! Furthermore, the employer does not pay any contributions to unemployment and long-term care insurance. As a mini-jobber, you do not pay any contributions to health, long-term care and unemployment insurance yourself. 


    In Germany, social insurance is primarily linked to dependent employment. A few decades ago, it was unimaginable that someone would work without social security for old age, long-term care, unemployment or illness.


    Today, people in marginal employment (mini-jobs) do not have health insurance and, above all, do not have sufficient pension insurance. Many people, especially women, have social insurance through marriage, but the fact that a mini-job does not allow one to build up a sufficient pension of one's own is little known. In the event of a divorce, there is no protection through marriage. 

  • 17. Am I covered by health, long-term care and unemployment insurance in a mini-job?

    In a mini-job

    • you are not covered by social insurance, i.e. you are not insured for health, unemployment or long-term care through your employment relationship.
    • you are covered by accident insurance and pension insurance.

  • 18. Am I covered by pension insurance in a mini-job?

    You do have pension insurance in a mini-job and must pay the relevant contributions. You acquire full credit for your employment periods through your pension contributions. This means that through your mini-job you make monthly contributions to the pension insurance, which are credited to your pension as a contribution period. This is advantageous for your basic pension period and the fulfilment of your waiting period for the minimum insurance period. Your earnings themselves will also count towards your pension. However, this only increases the pension slightly.  


    You can apply for exemption from pension insurance. You will then lose the crediting of your working time as contribution months for your pension. It is therefore advisable not to be exempted. 


    You are not covered by pension insurance if you are in short-term marginal employment

  • 19. Am I insured against accidents in a mini-job?

    You are insured against accidents in a mini-job. Your employer must pay accident insurance contributions through a pay-as-you-go system. 

    You are insured against accidents through your employment relationship

    • in the event of an accident during work 
    • on the way to work 
    • in the event of an occupational disease 

    You can find more information on your accident insurance in a mini-job here.

  • 20. Am I entitled to short-time allowance?

    Short-time allowance is a wage replacement benefit resulting from unemployment insurance. Since mini-jobbers are not obliged to pay into the unemployment insurance scheme, they are not entitled to short-time allowance. This led to many mini-jobbers no longer having an income, especially during the coronavirus crisis. 


    You can find more information here. 

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